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Conversely, amniotic fluid/tissue must be processed in such a way that KILLS the live nucleated cells leaving a product that contains growth factors, proteins, and cytokines that will have an effect for, at most, several hours to a few days.

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• Lazebnik LB, Kniazev OV, Konopliannikov AG, Parfenov AI, Ruchkina IN, Mikhaĭlova ZF, Tsaregorodtseva TM, Khomeriki SG, Rogozina VA, Gudkova RB, Shcherbakov PL, Konopliannikova OA. [Allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with ulcerative colitis: two years of observation]. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol. 2010;(11):3-15. (72% of 34 pts had some benefit at 2 yrs w/ just 1 tx of own bone marrow.)

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